ISOMERISM

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 Two or more compounds having same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties are called Isomers and the phenomenon is called Isomerism. 

It is mainly classified into two types. 

1- Structural Isomerism

2- Stereo Isomerism

Structural Isomerism:-  The structural Isomers are those Isomers in which the atoms are completely arranged in different order with the same molecular formula. 

There are six types of structural Isomerism i.e

(a) Chain Isomerism

(b) Position Isomerism

(c) Ring chain Isomerism

(d) Functional Isomerism

(e) Metamerism 

(f) Tautomerism

Chain Isomerism   

When two or more compounds having same molecular formula  but different arrangement of the carbon chain then such compounds are called chain Isomers and the phenomenon is called chain Isomerism.    

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Position Isomerism 

The compounds having same molecular formula but different position of the functional group, carbon-carbon multiple bonds, or substituent group are called position Isomers and the phenomenon is called position Isomerism. 

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Ring chain Isomerism  

The compounds having same molecular formula but different mode of linking of carbon is called ring chain Isomers and the phenomenon is called ring chain Isomerism. 

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Functional Isomerism 

The compounds having same molecular formula but different functional groups in the compound are called functional Isomers and the phenomenon is called functional Isomerism. 

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Metamerism 

The compounds having same molecular formula and same polyvalent functional group but different alkyl group attached to the polyvalent functional group is called metamers and the phenomenon is called metamerism. 

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Tautomerism 

The compounds having same molecular formula but different structure due to shifting of alpha hydrogen is called tautomers and the phenomenon is called tautomerism. 

 *Alpha hydrogen :-  The hydrogen attached to that carbon, which is attached to carbonyl carbon (C=O)  or Sp2 carbon. 

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