MATTER

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MATTER :- Matter is defined as anything that has weight and occupies space. 

Ex :- air, salt, water etc. 

It can be classified into two categories:-

(A) Physical classification

(B) Chemical classification

Physical classification 

(I) SOLID STATE :- Solids have definite shape and volume. 

Ex:- Copper, Silver etc. 

(II) LIQUID STATE :- Liquids have definite but no shape. 

Ex:- Water, Milk, oil etc. 

(III) GASEOUS STATE :- Gases have neither volume nor shape. 

Ex:- Hydrogen, Oxygen etc. 

Chemical classification 

(i) HOMOGENEOUS MATTER :- Matter that has uniform composition and identical properties throughout the phase is called homogeneous matter. 

Ex:- Water, sugar, oxygen etc. (A solution is also called homogeneous mixture) 

(ii) HETEROGENEOUS MATTER :-This type of matter is made of two or more components which are physically distinct. 

Ex:- Mixture of sand and sulphur, mixture of water and Benzene. 

ELEMENT 

An element is the simplest form of matter which can't be broken down into still simpler form by any means.  

 Ex:- Fe, Cu, Ag etc. 

Elements can be divided into three parts. 

 (i) Metals

(ii) Non-metals

(iii) Metalloids 

METALS :- These are the solids with shining surfaces and are the good conductors of heat and elamenectricity. 

Ex:- Cu, Ag, Fe etc. (Hg  is a in the liquid state) 

NON-METALS :- Non-metals exist in solid, liquid and gaseous state. These are usually bad conductors of heat and electricity . However, carbon in the form of graphite is a good conductor. 

Ex :- Sulphur, Oxygen, Br2  liquid etc. 

METALLOIDS :- Metalloids are elements which possess properties of both metals and non-metals. 









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